UN and global order: Spain’s foreign minister José Manuel Albares heads to New York for UNGA High-Level Week, pushing protection of international law and reform of multilateral institutions, while reiterating calls to end wars in the Middle East and Ukraine. Ukraine-Russia war: Kyiv says it struck a Moscow oil refinery as Russia reported deaths and injuries in the Moscow region; Ukraine also urges governments to shut down Russian “Russian Houses” cultural centers over alleged disinformation and espionage. Middle East tensions: Iran warns of “painful” strikes if the U.S. and regional partners make any mistake, after claims Washington plans to resume actions against Tehran. Regional security in the Philippines: The government and MILF deploy joint ceasefire mechanisms to cool a localized “rido” in the Special Geographic Area, with tensions easing. Economy and trade: China’s Pinglu Canal opens to cut shipping distance and logistics costs, boosting China-ASEAN trade links. Politics and diplomacy: Uruguay’s Broad Front backs a pro-Palestinian march in Montevideo on Oct. 8, urging further international action. Business and society: Delta cuts 17 international routes despite expansion plans; Canada’s ILAC language school files for bankruptcy and cancels classes. Humanitarian and culture: Morocco selects five documentary projects for MEDIMED to seek international reach. Local governance (UK): St Helens council says HMO licensing is under consideration, not yet confirmed for smaller properties.